The common name for numerous species of
social insects that can damage wooden
structures such as furniture or houses. Of
about 2000 known species, most are
distributed in tropical countries and some
inhabit the temperate regions. Termites are
sometimes referred to as 'white ants'
because of their creamy oloring and ant-like
appearance. There are over 350 species of
termites in Australia of which some 20
species can damage timber in houses. In
nature, they assist in the recycling of
organic matter and nutrients back to the
soil.
There only
6 families of cockroaches found worldwide,
consisting of 4000 species. Australia has
representatives of 5 of these families but
with only 428 species present. Half of a
the cockroaches in Australia can be found in
the Blattidae family which includes both the
native and introduced species. Go to our
links section to find out more about the
families of cockroaches.
Spiders are
invertebrates with a two part body (phalo
thorax and abdomen), biting chelicerae and
silk glands that discharge through
spinnerets. They have 4 pairs of legs and
additional pair of short appendages
(pedipalps) beside the chelicerae. Eight is
not only the number of legs spiders have.
The original spiders and most still have
eight eyes and if that is not enough spiders
still live today which have the original
complement of eight spinnerets.
Spiders are
invertebrates with a two part body (phalo
thorax and abdomen), biting chelicerae and
silk glands that discharge through
spinnerets. They have 4 pairs of legs and
additional pair of short appendages
(pedipalps) beside the chelicerae. Eight is
not only the number of legs spiders have.
The original spiders and most still have
eight eyes and if that is not enough spiders
still live today which have the original
complement of eight spinnerets.
Spiders are
invertebrates with a two part body (phalo
thorax and abdomen), biting chelicerae and
silk glands that discharge through
spinnerets. They have 4 pairs of legs and
additional pair of short appendages
(pedipalps) beside the chelicerae. Eight is
not only the number of legs spiders have.
The original spiders and most still have
eight eyes and if that is not enough spiders
still live today which have the original
complement of eight spinnerets.
Red
Imported Fire Ant, enopsis invicta, is a
serious new pest which has been detected in
Queensland, Australia. They inflict a
painful sting and if not eradicated will
seriously affect our lifestyle. They are the
greatest ecological threat to Australia
since the introduction of the rabbit and are
potentially worse than the cane toad.
In
Australia, a number of rodent species are
agricultural pests. Two species, the house
mouse (Mus domesticus) and black rat (Rattus
rattus), were introduced around the time
of European settlement. House mice are found
throughout agricultural cropping areas, and
around sheds and houses. When conditions are
favourable, their numbers can increase to
plague levels. Black rats are found
throughout temperate and tropical Australia
in human-modified environments.
There are
16 different families of fleas worldwide,
consisting of about 2380 species. In
Australia 9 of these families are
represented with just 90 different species.
About half of the endemic species that occur
in Australia are found in the iopsyllidae
family. The Pulicidae family contains many
of the introduced fleas such as the cat, dog
and human flea, as well as some native
species. Go to our links section to find out
more aboutout more about the different
families of fleas.
Bees belong
to the insect Order Hymenoptera, which
includes wasps, ants and sawflies. In
Australia there are four main bee families:
Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae and
Megachilidae. Many of these bees are
solitary nesters, while others may share a
nest. Others are fully social species.
Although some bees sting, they are not
considered to be pests as they play an
important role in the Australian environment
as key pollinators of many native plant
species.
Wasps are a
diverse group of insects. In Australia alone
there are over 12,000 species, ranging from
the tiny priid wasps, which are barely
visible to the naked eye, to the spider and
cicada-killer wasps, capable of taking large
prey. Most wasps have carnivorous larvae
that feed on other insects and spiders. The
adults provide food for them by capturing
prey or by laying the egg on or near the
food source, which might be an egg, larva or
pupa of another insect.
Lice are
small, wingless insects that are parasites
of birds and mammals. They are usually less
than 10 millimetres in length and are rarely
seen without the aid of a microscope or
magnifying glass. Lice are short lived and
usually host cific.A few species of lice
have adapted to live and feed on humans,
such as the head louse (Pediculus capitis),
the eggs of which are commonly called nits
and the body louse (Pediculus humanus).
There are
only 4 families of silverfish found
worldwide, consisting of about 370 species.
In Australia just 2 of these families are
represented with 28 species present. The 2
Australian families are easily separated
from others found throughout the world as
the oletiidae family are eyeless and the
Lepismatidae have only small compound eyes.
Go to our links section to find out more
about about the families of silverfish.
This is one
of the largest insect orders in the world
and includes many familiar insects such as
mosquitoes, midges, sand flies, house flies
and blowflies. Many species of Diptera are
important due to the role they play in
disease transmission, which includes such
things as mosquitoes that spread malaria in
many underdeveloped countries
Carpet
beetles damage fabrics, furnishings and
clothing that contain wool, silk, hair,
bristles, fur, or feathers. Synthetic items
are resistant to attack, but mixtures of
synthetic and natural fibres can be damaged.
The natural habitats of carpet beetles are
nests of birds, rodents, insects, and
spiders. The beetles are pollen feeders and
can be found in large numbers in flowers;
they can be brought into the house in cut
flowers.
Although less common than
carpet beetles, clothes moths are commonly
experienced in similar environments to
carpet beetles, namely woollen materials,
felt, fur and other materials of animal
gin.The two most common species of clothes
moths are the case making clothes moth
(Tinea pellionella) and the common clothes
moth (Tineola bisselliella).
Wood borer are insects
which damage wood by tunnelling at the
larval (grub) stage for food or leaving an
emergence hole on the surface of the wood
after becoming an adult (beetle). These
emergence holes ('pin holes') are quite
visible and are usually the first signs of
an active infestation of wood borer.
The fruiting bodies of wood decay fungi vary
in size, shape and colour. The type of fungi
encountered by building inspectors & pest
controllers usually reside in poorly
ventilated sub-floors, below wet areas of
the home, exterior timbers and in areas that
retain water in the soil. The durability and
type of timbers are factors along with the
temperature and environment. Destruction of
affected timbers varies with the symptoms
involved.